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The Book of Revelation - Part 10

26 Apr 2026 · this lesson on the church site

Taught by Dr. Keith Palmer, Grace Bible Church, Granbury, Texas — from the church’s Sunday School series on Revelation. These are lightly edited transcripts of the audio, posted for personal study; the teaching and its content belong to Dr. Palmer and Grace Bible Church. Listen to the originals and find his notes on the church website. Transcribed from the audio by AI. Edited only where the audio was unclear (all edits marked with *). Errors are possible — the recording is the authority.

[00:00] Well, let's quickly head back to the book of Revelation. We've got another letter to one of the churches to look at today. It's a shorter letter, but nonetheless significant. If you're just joining us, welcome to Sunday School. We're working verse by verse through the book of Revelation.

Just so you know, we've got just a couple of the letters of the seven coming up. We have Philadelphia next week and then Laodicea. As soon as we hit Chapter 4, I'm going to shift and we're going to start moving a little bit faster. So if you're wondering, man, Pastor Keith's going to be retired by the time we get to the end of Revelation, not to worry. We're going to hit the afterburners here and get going. The letters have required a little more inspection, getting those letters under a microscope. But let me give you a preview of where we're going, because you have an assignment as we turn the calendar this week from April to May and get into those summer months. Your summer reading, whatever you're reading, should be God's Word or books that help you to know and apply your faith.

[01:02] We're going to finish this section in the next few weeks, and then we're moving on to Chapter 4. Remember, these letters are not my words but Jesus' words, and the things that take place after. These letters are taking place at the end of the first century, to historic churches, actual people with these issues going on. Then Jesus says to John, okay, let's talk about what happens after that, and that gets us into the future things here.

I know we're going to talk about whether this all happened in the first century (the Preterist view), whether it's about eras of church history, or whether it's all future. We're getting into all that fun stuff. We are going to have mock two with our hair on fire awesomeness this summer as we get into the weeds of all this. But I'm just the instructor. In terms of the responsibility for learning, you can get as much or as little out of this as you want. If you just want to show up, look at my PowerPoint, and listen, that's awesome. Great, glad you're here. You will get more out of this if you start reading this section of Revelation.

[02:03] You need to get the sort of picture and the outline into your head, because it gets really weird. We have bowls and trumpets and scrolls, and it's like, what is that all about? So I want you to saturate your mind with it. If you want to do that, just start reading. Start in chapter four and go probably through the first ten chapters or so. This kind of helps you visualize it.

Here are our chapters one through 22. We're getting the seven churches right now. Starting in chapter four, you get vision number two, and you get all the way to vision number nine. That covers the scrolls with the seven seals, and then there's this final seal that includes the bold judgment. If you started reading chapter four through chapter 14, those 11 chapters, that would be great. Read one chapter a day or maybe a couple of chapters a week, just to load that up into your spiritual memory.

[03:05] That will familiarize you, so when I say scrolls or judgments and you're like, what is he talking about? You'll know what I'm talking about. That's where we're going, and it's actually very logical. That's what the diagram is here for, to help you see there's a layout, so you don't get lost in the weeds. Just like navigating the back streets of West Fort Worth, sometimes you need a GPS to get through all the detours. Get this in your head, and that will help you in the summer.

Our goal is going to be to work through those visions in the summer months as best we can, and I guess we'll pick up the pace a little bit. But I want you to get the full price of your admission too. I don't want to go so fast that you're like, what about this? And what about this? So we'll try to dial in the right setting so that you're all happy with me. Okay, I aim to please.

Back to where we're looking: the seven churches. These are seven historic churches on the west coast of what is now Turkey. The letters have started. Notice the geography.

The Seven Churches and Their Geography (04:05)

Jesus has started with Ephesus and moved:

He's kind of just done a little circle there. If you've got your Bible open to Revelation, look with me at Revelation chapter 3. We are going to jump into the deep end of the pool here and get going.

The Letter to Sardis (05:06)

"To the angel of the church in Sardis write: The one who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars says this: I know your deeds. You have a name that you are alive, but you are dead. Wake up and strengthen the things that remain, which were about to die, for I have not found your deeds completed in the sight of my God. So remember what you have received and heard, and keep it, and repent. Therefore, if you do not wake up, I will come like a thief, and you will not know at what hour I will come to you. But you have a few people in Sardis who have not soiled their garments, and they will walk with me in white, for they are worthy. He who overcomes will thus be clothed in white garments, and I will not erase his name from the book of life. And I will confess his name before my Father and before his angels. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches."

Watch this. I love this part. When you think of anything you could hear that is more exciting than your Savior bringing your name to the Father, that's pretty cool. This is serious stuff. I hope you would say, I want to hear that. But notice the threat. Jesus says, even to a church just a couple of decades after the resurrection, not everybody in that church is going to hear their name. That sobers us as we think about Sardis.

Sardis: The Setting (06:20)

Sardis is beautiful, beautiful. Again, props to my professor friend, Todd Boland. This is from his website, Bible Places, if you're interested in some of these pictures. Is that not beautiful? That's the Acropolis. A lot of these cities would have one of the peaks, the top of a hill or mountain, where they would build an outlook. So that's the Acropolis there.

Archaeology of Sardis (07:21)

If we went up and looked down, this is the gymnasium, and you can see it is pretty well preserved. Sardis had a gymnasium, a stadium, temples, synagogues, all sorts of things, and amphitheaters, and they're all here. I have not had the privilege of going to Turkey and seeing some of these yet, but looking at the photographs, you can see this is one of the more preserved areas of the ancient city. If we zoom in, look at this. Just beautiful architecture. You can see that's inside this little building here. If we go inside, you can see a lot of the pillars that are preserved. Really amazing. Some of the ancient stone walls and walkways are there too. This is the remains of a temple to Artemis, if I remember right.

Emperor Worship in the Roman World (08:24)

A lot of these places have temples and lots of different gods. Some of those temples were made to gods of the Greco-Roman world, you know, Zeus and whatnot. Others were made to whom? Roman emperors who were deified, as it were, and worshipped as gods.

So sometimes when you read your Bible and you hear what some of these rulers say, whether it's Nebuchadnezzar or one of the more modern ones, Nero, and you hear your pastor say, this guy thought he was a god, you're going, yeah, okay, pastors exaggerate sometimes. That is not the case here. These Roman emperors really thought of themselves as deity. Go all the way back to the Babylonian Empire. Remember Nebuchadnezzar? He had the three teenagers there, and he said, what god is there that can stop me? Watch this, right? But this is really true.

What this is doing, guys, is giving us archaeological evidence that confirms and affirms some of these things we read in the Bible, where we go, did Nero really think of himself like that? It's true.

Background of Sardis (09:28)

Some of the basic facts about Sardis:

Introduction to the Letter (10:28)

Let's jump back into the text. We've got a lot to cover in a short amount of time. We see the typical introduction, the same introductory formula that Jesus uses. Picture it: it's the revelation of Jesus. This is not John's revelation or some other revelation. It's the disclosing of this revelation from Jesus, through an angel, to John his apostle, the beloved apostle.

He says to the angel, or perhaps the messenger, or maybe that even means pastor or elder, the one overseeing the church: "the words of him who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars." We saw this back in chapter one, in the vision of Jesus. Talking about the seven spirits of God, you might say, I thought there was only one Holy Spirit. What are the seven spirits?

The reason he says seven spirits of God is not because there are seven Holy Spirits. We're seeing one Spirit send specific messages to each of these seven churches. That's why you have consistency even at the end of the section: "hear what the Spirit says to the churches." Why doesn't he say "the seven spirits"? Because it helps us understand it. It's one Spirit sending seven different messages, through Jesus and through these messengers, to the churches.

Then the seven stars represent what? Do you remember? You can look back at Revelation 1:20 if you forgot. I know that was a long time ago. Revelation 1:20 says the seven stars are the churches. So we have that language already interpreted for us. Remember, this is part of your key. Don't get to Revelation and throw away your hermeneutical toolbox, the one that says, this is how I interpret the Bible, this is how I interpret normal literature.

Scripture Interprets Scripture (12:30)

A lot of people get to Revelation and they're building the airplane in the air as they try to read through it. Don't do that. We've got a good toolbox of how we interpret the Bible, and we don't want to go nuts in Revelation just because there's symbolic language. We've seen here, and I hope you've seen again, that Revelation actually interprets a lot of itself. We don't have to guess what the seven stars are. Jesus is going to tell us what he actually means a lot of the time.

Now, there are some places where we kind of go, "Huh, I'm not sure what that means." We'll talk about that. But remember that we believe in a principle, not just our church. Christians have believed this for centuries: Scripture interprets Scripture. We don't want to get creative and not listen to God himself tell us what he means.

So as you're reading Revelation and you come to something and you think, "That's kind of weird, I don't know what that means," keep reading. Chances are you're going to see it, or you're going to read something like this and say, "Man, we've seen those seven stars before. Where have we heard about the seven stars?" Oh, back in chapter one.

And then you go back to chapter one, where Jesus tells us what the seven stars represent. So let's keep our hermeneutical seatbelt firmly fastened as we go through this, and not get too far out in the weeds on things we don't need to.

Jesus Knows Our Works (13:32)

Here is the evaluation. Jesus is just following the same pattern. He gives us an evaluation of the church at Sardis here: "I know your works." If you've seen the other letters, Jesus starts many of them by saying, in effect, "I know all about you." We talked a couple of letters ago about his omniscience, the fact that Jesus knows everything. How can he know everything? He's God. This is the very Son of God. He says, "I know your works. I know what's going on."

Think of that in a positive way. Jesus knows what his churches are doing. When you sacrifice your Wednesday night to teach the gospel to five-year-olds, and you're dealing with discipline situations, and you're dealing with snacks that get thrown out of the room, you know what children's ministry is like? It is messy. It's exhausting. It is wonderful to the glory of God. You may have one little conversation with a six-year-old and have maybe 30 seconds to help them take a Bible truth and apply it to their life. It may be as simple as why we're not going to take the glue stick and beat our friend over the head with it. It may be something really theologically profound. But it's gospel work, and this little phrase we see over and over, "I know your works," reminds us that he sees it. I think that's pretty cool: Jesus takes notice of our works whether other people know it or not.

Now, if we're not doing what we ought to do, as we're going to see with Sardis, then there's caution in that. We need to get our act together. But if we are being faithful, we can be encouraged that our God sees what we're doing even when no one else does. We talk about children's ministry, a lot of ministry. You don't know the fruit that might come from your effort. You're not harvesting seeds. You're typically not harvesting apples just yet. But Jesus sees it, and that's a great reminder of why we do ministry.

A Reputation for Being Alive (16:37)

Number two: "You have a reputation of being alive." What does that mean? Jesus doesn't elaborate much on this. Let's say we went out in Hood County and did a poll: which church in Hood County is the most alive? We'd think, "They've got a big band. They've got a fog machine. They're doing all this stuff in the community. They're alive, right?" For all practical purposes, we'd say they're doing awesome. That's great. And then Jesus says, "But you're actually dead."

We can't know for sure, but I'd love to hear your ideas. What do you think is actually going on? What's a church that looks alive but is actually dead?

Yeah, he's going to say that. Some of the works are good, so it's not like it's all bad. But Jesus doesn't elaborate. Other than the next verse, where he says, "You have received and heard," we're left to think about it. So what's a church that looks alive but is actually dead? Maybe they're emphasizing the wrong things.

Yeah, maybe it's a worldly message. What happens when the church becomes like the world, and we talk like the world, and we give a message like the world, and we sound like the world, and we do music like the world? People say, "Man, that's a great church," and they flock to it. But at the risk of stepping on toes, getting a bunch of people together to do and enjoy what the world enjoys and does is not a church. It's not a church. So let's not confuse activity with ministry. Let's not confuse drawing a crowd with actually building up people in the body of Christ. Let's not be confused into thinking that if our message is offensive, we're doing something wrong.

We don't have all the metrics here, so we're using an educated guess. But that's intriguing. We're not so concerned about what's going on out there. What would Grace Bible Church look like if Jesus said something like this to us: "You look alive, but you're actually dying"? Straying from our doctrine. Prioritizing stuff over people. Pursuing comfort. Not sacrificing for the betterment of the gospel. There are all sorts of things that come to mind when I think about what this would look like for Grace Bible Church. I don't know, but maybe you can ask yourself the question, and talk about it with your family: I don't ever want to hear this from Jesus about our church, and you don't either. So what do we need to do to make sure we're actually spiritually alive, instead of externally alive but actually dead?

Wake Up and Strengthen What Remains (19:41)

He says, "Wake up." You have a reputation of being alive, but you're actually dead. How? He's going to elaborate in a minute, but notice the command: wake up. Those of you with a little Greek background, or an interlinear in front of you, will find it interesting. Literally he says, "Become alive." You could translate it "alert" or "watchful." It's the idea we were talking about with the psalm: maybe you get a little distracted on the road. Have you ever been driving somewhere and you're really, really sleepy? I want to ask for a show of hands: has anyone actually fallen asleep at the wheel? You're all here, so I assume it turned out okay. But you get the idea. I need to wake up. I need to get serious. If you've ever had a moment like that, where you did kind of nod off, and then adrenaline fires and all of a sudden you're focused, that's the sensation. Become alive. Get alert. Wake up.

Then he adds this, and this is what helps us understand maybe what was going on at this church: "Strengthen the things that remain." Literally, the things that are left, which are about to die. There's something in your midst, like Carl said a minute ago. There's something in your midst that's good and still going on, but it's in danger of dying.

Finishing the Work (21:42)

Let's keep reading, because we can guess, but here's as close as Jesus comes to being specific: "I have not found your deeds completed in the sight of my God." I think I get it. What's the danger? I think the danger is that we, and let's talk about Sardis first, would not complete the work God asked them to do. They wouldn't finish the work. That word means to finish. What does it look like for a church to not complete the work God has given them?

Let's pull over for a second and think about this. What work does God give the church?

Transcript

There may be specific manifestations of that, but those are the general things we're to do: take the gospel to the world, go into all the world and preach the gospel, build one another up in the body of Christ, use my gifts to build up one another so we all grow in unity and maturity, disciple one another. There are so many things that can distract us from that, right? We don't finish the work. I think mission drift is big. You understand that? A lot of organizations deal with this. Here's why we exist, here's the mission of our organization, and over time that mission can broaden or veer off. I think that's good analysis of what happens in churches as well. God gives us a task, and we start off doing that. We're all about the gospel, all about building up one another, discipling, pouring out our lives and ministry for others, storing up heavenly treasure that will last eternally. Then after a while it's, "Oh, we could do that too, and we could do that too, oh, that'd be fun." It's not that those things are bad, but they distract us from the main purpose. Before you know it, we're a church of lots of activity, a church of programs, but we've forgotten that ministry is all about people.

I'm filling in some of the gaps here, but I think that's very plausible. Here's another thing that I was personally convicted by, and maybe you're convicted about it too. As we all get older (young people, you can look forward to this), there's a very dangerous viewpoint we can start to be tempted by. It goes like this: "I've served in my church for 20 years, and I deserve a little break. There are other people who can do that. I've poured my life into this." I'm not saying that as we get older, physically we can't do things anymore, and that we ought not be training up the next generation. I'm not saying we shouldn't do that. But it's a little bit of spiritual retirement disorder, can we call it that? It's the little thing that says, "I've put in my time, now I can cruise, now I can be more comfortable." Again, I'm not saying we shouldn't train up the next generation as we age. I'm not saying that, and I'm not saying burn yourself out for Jesus. I don't think that's smart either. But here's the question I cannot get out of my head, so I'm going to throw it out, and just know that I'm talking to myself primarily: what work has God given me to do?

Don't Stop Short (25:49)

That I'm being tempted to not finish. That's what he's getting at. He's like, you've received these things, you've received these things, I have not found your deeds completed. He's saying you're not done yet. Why are you looking for a parking space? You've got 10 more miles to go. Wouldn't it be horrible for a church like Grace Bible Church, where God has given us so much influence, people, and resources, to stop short? The Lord has, you know, I love coming home. I love coming home to my family, and I love coming home to my church. There's awesome churches, and I've got brothers and sisters all over the world, and that's great. I love being here because it's you, it's us. Wouldn't it be horrible if God has entrusted so much to us, and we don't finish? We get to mile 24 of a 26-mile spiritual marathon, and we quit or we stop?

I can still hear my cross country coach: keep going, don't walk, what are you doing? Do you have that experience? You don't quit. You've got to crawl past that finish line. You crawl, but you don't quit. I know I'm preaching to you a little bit, but I cannot get this out of my mind. I don't want whatever that is. So I think we can ask that corporately: let's make sure we complete what we've started.

Completing the Work (27:50)

Remember Paul to Timothy. What is Paul saying to Timothy as Paul is picturing going and dying and being executed? What's he envisioning? Timothy, fulfill your ministry, complete your work. It's the same plea we get in First and Second Timothy. There, I've not found your deeds completed, so he says, remember what you have seen and heard. Here's this language, we've seen this before: keep it, literally guard it, continue in it. There's our charge. We look at what God has entrusted to us, and we finish the job, we finish the work, we don't neglect the stewardship.

I was talking to an extended family member, you guys don't know them, and they had inherited money from relatives who died back during the COVID years. The stock market was up and down. Whoever the financial advisor was, everything's going to be great. Five years later, after the fact, when the market goes up, generally your portfolio is supposed to go up. When the market is going up, what is this person doing? And you think the Lord has invested so much in us, and we need to make sure we're stewarding that well, unlike my friend's financial advisor.

Repentance (28:51)

That means there's repentance that's needed. Repentance for giving up. Repentance for choosing comfort over ministry. Repentance for focusing on activity and programs instead of people and relationships. The world, entertainment, the gospel, faithfulness, whatever that means. Repentance is a spiritual U-turn. You stop and turn around. Remember, when Jesus helps us to see, maybe you're reading your Bible and you say, hey, I'm not doing the right thing. Repentance is not feeling bad about it. Repentance is not just saying, I'm sorry, Jesus. Repentance is changing your direction. It is a 180-degree turn. Jesus says you need to repent. Remember what you've seen and heard, the gospel message, and trust to do it and keep it, guard it, continue in it.

What that means, guys, and I think you know this: what we do at Grace Bible Church is not going to look like what many churches do, because a lot of churches are just fad churches. They follow the fads. They're looking for the next crowd. We need to get our marching orders from Scripture and stay there. Not that we can't be creative, not that we can't ask, are there better ways to do this? But we're not trying to be novel.

Watchfulness and the Remnant (30:55)

Jesus says, therefore, if you do not wake up, if you don't become alive, if you don't get back to it... We've heard this language before: I will come like a thief, and you do not know what hour I will come to you. This is not a reference to the second coming. We've seen this in other letters. Back in chapter 2, verse 5, with Ephesus, this is not the second coming. This is Jesus coming personally to your church. Look back at chapter 2, verse 5. Some of you remember it: I'm coming to you, and I will remove your lampstand out of its place unless you repent. Similar language there. Jesus is not coming to you for a celebration party. He's coming to you to snuff out what remains of your church's influence.

You know what's sad, and we'll talk about this in future weeks: many of these churches that were alive in the first century didn't last. What Jesus said happened actually happened, because they were unfaithful. So, sobering reminders there. But then He says this: He says, but you still have a few people in Sardis who have not soiled their garments. Remember Elijah on Mount Carmel, freaking out, and they're killing the prophets, and he's the only one left? What does God say to Elijah by way of encouragement? I've got 7,000 you don't know about. Just remember, guys, God always keeps a remnant, even in a church, even in a church that Jesus is coming to with the lampstand extinguisher. There's always faithful people.

The White Garments (33:00)

He says, you've got a few there who've not soiled their garments. You say, what does that mean? The next phrase helps us understand it: and they will walk with me in white. So the picture of a dirty garment here is contrasted with those true believers who walk in robes of white. Those few believers there are an encouragement. I think that's an occasion to say, okay, here are some people who have not fallen by the wayside, who have not been distracted, and we can model ourselves after what they're doing.

Now here's what's interesting. Then He extrapolates: He who overcomes will thus be clothed in white garments. If you're in Revelation 3, just turn over the page to chapter 7, verse 9. We're going to see this language used elsewhere in the book. In chapter 7, we read about a remnant from the 12 tribes of Israel, 144,000 to be exact. And it says here in chapter 7, verse 9: after these things I looked, and behold, a great multitude which no one could count, from every nation and all tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb. What are they wearing? They are clothed in white robes. We go on to read that these are believers, these are the redeemed. Then we see something similar in chapter 19, verse 7. This is at the marriage supper of the Lamb, coming up to the second coming of Christ: let us rejoice and be glad and give the glory to Him, for the marriage of the Lamb has come, and His bride has made herself ready. It was given to her to clothe herself in fine linen, bright and clean, for the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints.

So that helps us interpret it, doesn't it? That white robe is symbolic of righteousness, which fits the context back in chapter 3: the soiled garments of living in sin, being distracted, not falling through, not completing the work, in contrast with true believers who are robed in white. So those white garments are the garments of true believers, of the truly redeemed. Look at this: who gets to wear them? He who overcomes. We have seen that language throughout the New Testament. We won't turn there, but this is the thing Jesus is saying: finish the work, complete the work, continue in the faith. And we see it in 1 John, we see it in James, we see it in:

That is, true believers are those who continue in the faith and don't fall away.

Perseverance (36:02)

Sometimes theologians have called this the perseverance of the saints, or the doctrine of eternal security, the idea that you can't lose your salvation. So what Jesus is affirming here, which is in all these other places, is that the believer who continues in faith to the end, in other words, to him who overcomes, those are the people showing themselves to be truly regenerate, and those are the ones who don the white robe in the end. You see that, and that's important, because remember what 1 John says: there are people who identify with a church who go out from us, but they're not really of us. Well, how do we know they're not really of us? Because they don't remain with us.

This is the danger of getting to the latter stages of your life and departing from the faith. I can tell you, I can give you names. This is a clear and present danger, that you would get to the latter years of your Christian life and begin departing from the faith. You're not as involved, not so much in worship, not so right, and all of a sudden you're way over here, and your life doesn't look like anything describing a believer anymore. You may have spent decades in the church, and that's real. That is a real danger that Jesus is saying we need to be careful of. It's the one who overcomes, who continues, who finishes the race, so to speak, that will be clothed in white garments.

The Book of Life (38:03)

And not only that, Jesus says this: not only do they wear a robe of white, Jesus says, I will not erase his name from the book of life. Now, I've given you some passages there, because your mission should you choose to accept it this morning is to do a little Bible study on the book of life:

Suffice it to say, the book of life, which parallels the idea of the tree of life, is representative of true believers. In other words, if your name is in the book of life, that means you're a real believer. If your name is not in the book of life, it means you're not a true believer. We see that at the end of Revelation, in chapters 20 and 21, with the final judgment: if a person's name is not found in the book of life, then they go to that final judgment called the lake of fire. So it's interesting, but what he's saying here, meaning true believers don't lose their salvation, that's the takeaway. You can read about that. We'll talk about that in these subsequent chapters.

Then finally, this is amazing. He says, I will confess his name before my Father and before His angels, just like Jesus predicts in Matthew 10. That glorious finish line of the Christian faith is to hear your name, and then finally, I'll tell you, to hear your name spoken by your Savior to His Father. I would suggest to you there are few things more relevant and valuable to live for than that.

Finishing Well (40:04)

Okay, so what are we going to do? He who has an ear, let him hear. That's Jesus's way of saying, okay, how then will you respond? Let's finish well. Guys, ask yourself that question personally: how do I want to finish my Christian life? Am I drifting? Am I slowing down? Am I distracted? And let's ask that corporately: is Grace Bible Church, which God has entrusted so much to, going to finish well and not be distracted or discouraged or run off the road for some other reason? Let's pray and ask God to do that personally and corporately.

Okay, that's our prayer: that we would be faithful to the end, that we would overcome, to use Jesus's language here, with so many things in our own lives and so many pursuits we can follow after. That we would keep it simple and walk humbly with you each day, that we would not pull back on the throttle of following you.

And that as a church and as individuals, that we would finish the task that you've given. Would you make that so clear in our minds? This is what God wants me to do personally. This is what God wants me to do as a member of Grace Bible Church. This is what God wants me to do as Grace Bible Church corporate. And so we ask that you would help us to be faithful, that you would help us to finish well, that we wouldn't pull out of the race a couple miles before the finish line. Lord, we're tired. We have health issues and family issues and work issues and issues with our kids and parents, and it's so easy to justify. But thank you that what we read at the beginning is that you know us, and you're not going to ask us to do something that you don't also give us the grace and mercy to accomplish. So we believe that. Make us faithful. We pray in Jesus' name.

* = the audio was unclear here and the words were reconstructed from context. Scripture read aloud is in red.

Taught by Dr. Keith Palmer, Grace Bible Church, Granbury, Texas — from the church’s Sunday School series on Revelation. These are lightly edited transcripts of the audio, posted for personal study; the teaching and its content belong to Dr. Palmer and Grace Bible Church. Listen to the originals and find his notes on the church website. Transcribed from the audio by AI. Edited only where the audio was unclear (all edits marked with *). Errors are possible — the recording is the authority.

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